Many ungulates (hoofed mammals) can see nearly all the way behind them due to the position of the eyes on the sides of the head. This is an evolutionary adaptation to being the prey of many predators - you have more chance of escaping being something's dinner if you can see it creeping up behind you. Horses, deer, antelope and so on all fit into this category.
Chameleons and seahorses are able to move each of their eyes independently - they can swivel their eyes so that they point directly backwards, and thus see behind them without turning their heads.
Owls can see behind them without turning their bodies, since their heads can swivel almost 180 degrees. This is an adaptation to the fact that they cannot move their eyes - they are so huge that there is no room inside the skull for muscles to move them. They must therefore turn their heads to change their line of sight.
src: Yahoo! Answers
pirms 13 gadiem